Back to Basics
Derek Smith • 10 July 2020
Kaya
Photo By: Derek Smith
Hypericum
Photo By: Derek Smith
Back to Basics
Recently someone I know bought a new camera, and of course they had many questions, I had to research these to find the right answers, and the first question was:
What is Lens Focal Length?
Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. It is not a measurement of the actual length of a lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at the focal plane in the camera. The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity.
Lens focal length also tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification. The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view and the lower the magnification.
As an example use a short focal length 24mm (16mm* or 12mm**) to capture the interior of a room, or a landscape view.
* = APS-C crop sensor camera ** = Micro Four Thirds crop sensor camera
What is Aperture in Photography?
Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16. Lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures. This may seem a little contradictory at first but will become clearer as you take pictures at varying f/stops. Be sure to check your manual first to learn how to set Aperture Priority for your camera, then try experimenting to get comfortable with changing the aperture and recognising the effects different apertures will have on the end-result image.
Selecting a wide aperture of f/2 would ensure that only a small portion of the image would be sharp, whereas a narrower aperture of f/10 would ensure that a greater part of the image would be in focus.
What is ISO in Photography?
In digital cameras ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor, the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the lower the noise in the image.
Higher ISO numbers mean your sensor becomes more sensitive to light which allows you to use your camera in low light situations, the trade-off of doing so is more noise in the final image.
An example of a situation you might want to choose a higher ISO would be photographing an indoor sporting event where the light is low and your subject is moving fast. By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.
What is exposure in photography?
The light meter in a digital camera calculates the correct exposure of the image based on 3 parameters: ISO, shutter speed, and aperture. This is known as the "exposure triangle". Creatively the photographer chooses 1 or 2 of these parameters based upon the subject. As an example when photographing a moving subject you may select a shutter speed of 1/500 to "freeze" the action, ensuring the the subject is sharp. In the case of a portrait in the front of a distracting background the photographer might select an aperture of f/2 to isolate the subject from the background. The choice of ISO again is an artistic choice, the photographer may choose to set the ISO to "Auto" if the light is variable, alternatively in the case of the portrait set the ISO to the base level of 100 or 200, to give a noise free image.
In the case of the portrait of Kaya, I used a lens with focal length of 90mm (60*, 45**) our location was in shadow under a railway bridge, I set the aperture to f/1.8, and set the ISO to 400. I was using "Aperture Priority" as the camera mode, with the ISO, and aperture fixed the camera calculated the correct shutter speed of 1/200 to give the correct exposure.
The photo of the Hypericum flower was captured with a 120mm macro lens (80*, 60**) ISO 800, aperture f/4, and a shutter speed of 1/60 calculated by the camera.
For further reading on the exposure triangle I found this website to be useful:
https://photographylife.com/what-is-exposure-triangle
Recently someone I know bought a new camera, and of course they had many questions, I had to research these to find the right answers, and the first question was:
What is Lens Focal Length?
Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. It is not a measurement of the actual length of a lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at the focal plane in the camera. The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity.
Lens focal length also tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification. The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view and the lower the magnification.
As an example use a short focal length 24mm (16mm* or 12mm**) to capture the interior of a room, or a landscape view.
* = APS-C crop sensor camera ** = Micro Four Thirds crop sensor camera
What is Aperture in Photography?
Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16. Lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures. This may seem a little contradictory at first but will become clearer as you take pictures at varying f/stops. Be sure to check your manual first to learn how to set Aperture Priority for your camera, then try experimenting to get comfortable with changing the aperture and recognising the effects different apertures will have on the end-result image.
Selecting a wide aperture of f/2 would ensure that only a small portion of the image would be sharp, whereas a narrower aperture of f/10 would ensure that a greater part of the image would be in focus.
What is ISO in Photography?
In digital cameras ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor, the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the lower the noise in the image.
Higher ISO numbers mean your sensor becomes more sensitive to light which allows you to use your camera in low light situations, the trade-off of doing so is more noise in the final image.
An example of a situation you might want to choose a higher ISO would be photographing an indoor sporting event where the light is low and your subject is moving fast. By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.
What is exposure in photography?
The light meter in a digital camera calculates the correct exposure of the image based on 3 parameters: ISO, shutter speed, and aperture. This is known as the "exposure triangle". Creatively the photographer chooses 1 or 2 of these parameters based upon the subject. As an example when photographing a moving subject you may select a shutter speed of 1/500 to "freeze" the action, ensuring the the subject is sharp. In the case of a portrait in the front of a distracting background the photographer might select an aperture of f/2 to isolate the subject from the background. The choice of ISO again is an artistic choice, the photographer may choose to set the ISO to "Auto" if the light is variable, alternatively in the case of the portrait set the ISO to the base level of 100 or 200, to give a noise free image.
In the case of the portrait of Kaya, I used a lens with focal length of 90mm (60*, 45**) our location was in shadow under a railway bridge, I set the aperture to f/1.8, and set the ISO to 400. I was using "Aperture Priority" as the camera mode, with the ISO, and aperture fixed the camera calculated the correct shutter speed of 1/200 to give the correct exposure.
The photo of the Hypericum flower was captured with a 120mm macro lens (80*, 60**) ISO 800, aperture f/4, and a shutter speed of 1/60 calculated by the camera.
For further reading on the exposure triangle I found this website to be useful:
https://photographylife.com/what-is-exposure-triangle
Louth Photographic Society
Good Morning, All We did go to the sand racing again last week, the weather was a bit overcast but as no sky is required for this kind of photography, so good action shots are still possible. Last week at the club we held our monthly competition, of prints, with the categories of "People" and "Open". There was a very good entry with some excellent prints. David Whitehouse came first in the People section with Dave Turner winning the Open section. All the results are on our website under competitions with a blog on the evening as well. This week our Christmas buffet and quiz night will be held. The buffet will be provided for you but feel free to bring a drink along with you (a beer or glass of wine if you wish). Dave Mann will also be providing tea and coffee. Tony is doing a quiz for us all so bring a pen and paper if you remember, Christmas jumpers are optional. Harry will be selling raffle tickets, and if you would like to provide a prize please bring it along and give it to Harry. Regards Graham
A print competition was held last night with the categories of “People”, and “Open”. The judge for the evening was Dane Butler, this was his second time judging with us, and he is showing much more confidence in judging at photographic clubs. In the “People” category there was a wide variety of inventive images of people, from solo portrait style, to street, and groups of people, the highest placed print in this category was the “Pride Celebration (Cologne)” taken by David Whitehouse. In the “Open” category Dane had to judge wildlife, portraits, landscape, macro, and architectural prints, I thought he did a superb job, his choice for the top spot was “Cloud Inversion Summit of Snowdon” by Dave Turner. The website Competition page has been updated with the images, and results.
Good Morning All Last week at the club we viewed the Lincolnshire photographic Associations mono group presentation, Dave Turner who goes to the group talked us through the evening with Chris Birchmore and Richard Hildred talking about their photographs. There is a blog on the evening on our website, but inspired by the evening I thought I had better try a few mono photographs myself. This week, Wednesday 10th December, we will hold our monthly print competition, with the categories of "People" and "Open", to be judged by Dane Butler from Dunholme. There are good number of entries so should be a very good competition. The following week, Wednesday 17th December, is our buffet and quiz night, for new members the buffet will be supplied and anyone who would like to donate a raffle prize please give it to Harry. The evening is for members only. Regards Graham
Last night members were treated to a showing of the LPA (Lincolnshire Photographic Association) Mono Group presentation. Three of our members, Dave Turner, Richard Hildred, and Chris Birchmore are members of the LPA Mono Group. Dave Turner excellently presented this showcase of the Mono Groups work, many of the images presented were stunning, and inspirational. A simple photo of a padlock on a gate took on a different dimension when presented in monochrome, and landscape photography becomes dramatic in monochrome, especially with a moody sky. It was a very interesting, and well attended evening. Thank you to Dave Turner for presenting, and Dave Mann for the refreshments.
Good Morning All Last week at the club we held a committee meeting, with all committee members in attendance. Harry will once again run the Christmas raffle on our buffet and quiz night, if any member wants to donate a prize, Harry can now accept them, obviously if it's a perishable prize then bringing it in on the night would be better. We are holding a 70th anniversary exhibition next year at the Louth Museum, if any member has local prints that they think may be suitable to put in the exhibition you can bring them to the club any time now. Derek has done a blog on the night with more information. This week, Wednesday 3rd December, we are viewing the LPA mono groups presentation, Dave Turner is a member of the group and will talk us through what the group do and if time allows show us some of his own mono prints. Don't forget to bring your prints along this week for the print competition, with the categories "People" and "Open", to be held the following week, email your titles to Dave Turner in advance please. Regards Graham
We held a Committee meeting last night in place of a regular meeting. The Committee meets twice a year to discuss items pertinent to effective, and smooth running of our Society. The Society celebrates 70 years of continuous operation next year, and we intend to show an exhibition of photographs taken over those years at the Louth Museum. The LPA Battles print competition will be held next year, and consists of 3 rounds held at photographic clubs throughout Lincolnshire, with a final round held at Nettleham. Louth has been drawn to meet with camera clubs in Grantham, and Axholme, and as you can understand this will entail a far amount of travelling. There is a proposal to the LPA which is currently under consideration which would reduce each club entry to 10 prints and for the whole competition to be held at Nettleham in 2027. Our current annual project is “Prime Time”, that is one photo for each month of the year taken with a fixed focal length lens, a prime lens, my choice for this year has been a 45mm lens, which is a full frame 90mm lens. Members show their annual project photos in the January of the following year. The Committee has decided on the project theme for next year as “Water”, which should give members a chance to demonstrate some creativity, as can be seen from the attached image. Our Christmas social event will be held on the 17th December, a buffet will be provided, there will be a quiz, and a raffle, the door entry charge will be £3 for the evening.
Good Morning All Last week at the club we held our PDI of the year, it was a well-attended event and thanks to Harry's organisation skills it all ran very well. Congratulations go to all the subject winners: Pictorial, Harry Kerman, Record, Dave Evans, Portrait, Derek Smith, Photojournalism, David Evans, Landscape, Dave Turner and Natural History, Graham Harrison. The overall winner was Harry Kerman. Well done Harry a great photograph of a White Cosmos. All the top three in each subject are on our website Competition page. Don't forget if you are entering the December print competition, with the categories of "People" and "Open" send your titles to Dave Turner please. The prints need bringing in a week on Wednesday. This week, Wednesday 26th November, we are holding a committee meeting, committee members only for this one please. For newer members we hold two committee meetings a year to organise events and the smooth running of the club. Regards Graham
Last night we held our PDIOTY (PDI of the Year) competition, our judge for the evening was Jorg Malinowski. These annual competitions are an opportunity for members to showcase their best images from the year, some of course from the monthly competitions, as such the competition entries were of an extremely high standard. Jorg performed an excellent job of judging the entries, and the results are all on the website Competition page. Congratulations to Harry Kerman for gaining the title of PDI of the Year with his White Cosmos image.
Good Morning All While we were away the other week we did have a walk around Blackpool. I only took my compact camera which I bought in 2011 but it still works ok and takes decent photographs. It is a Panasonic LX5 which fits in a pocket and is useful now and again. Last week we had mini lectures; photographs we had taken on this year's outings. Four members took part with Richard Hildred filling in with wedding photography from forty odd years ago, a very interesting look at how Richard went about photographing weddings, very different from today with far less photographs been taken. The outings did show we managed to photograph insects and birds on our walks around Red Hill and Rimac. I finished the evening with photographs taken in Somerset and Devon in 2020. This week, Wednesday 19th November, we hold our PDIOTY (PDI of the year) to be judged by Jorj Malinowski of Lincoln. It will be an evening of our best photography and we have just over fifty entries. The NEMPF exhibition acceptances have now been decided, well done to Dave Turner who had two accepted and I managed one acceptance myself. The standard for acceptance is very high, we had four members enter twenty nine PDI'S all together and only three acceptances . We had a lot of near misses, the score required was twelve and we had twelve elevens between us. You will see the exhibition at our club next year. Regards Graham
At our meeting last night members gave a series of mini lectures with 3 members showing images from the club outings to Red Hill, and Rimac. The meeting was completed by Richard Hildred showing some of his early slides. One of the principles of our Society is that we feature workshops, and outings into our annual programme, because the best way to learn photography is to work with other photographers to understand aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. In June at the Red Hill nature reserve the idea was to capture some macro images of the local insect life, and the orchids at this location. Laying, or kneeling in the grass to get close to the insects, or flowers, our members would begin to understand depth of field with using different apertures, each photographer will have his own method of achieving optimum exposure, and sharpness. Personally I tend to use aperture priority mode (A or Av on the mode dial), auto focus, and “rock” gently back and forwards to gain the focus on the subject. At Rimac, members had a lot more latitude to photograph some bird-life, or landscapes. These are some sample images from the Red Hill, and Rimac nature reserves.
